Biology 11 Sample Questions For MT! 2003-R. Jones
PART I: true or false, 2 points each, 30 points total
Please circle the best answer
1. T F Mitochondria and chloroplasts are encased by two layers of lipid membrane.
2. T F Oxygen was not available to the earliest forms of life.
3. T F Cellulose is a protein.
4. T F Eukaryotic cells with chloroplasts contain no mitochondria.
5. T F The membrane of rough ER is continuous with the membrane of the nucleus.
6. T F Not all mitochondria genes are found within the nucleus.
In their famous experiment, Miller and Urey recreated the early Earth's atmosphere with the following gases:
a. nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water
b. methane, oxygen, hydrogen, ammonia
c. methane, hydrogen, ammonia, water
d. methane, hydrogen, oxygen, water
2. Prokaryotic cells do not have
a. plasma membrane
b. RNA
c. ribosomes
d. endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
*Briefly describe the experiment that Louis Pasteur did to disprove the idea that life could arise spontaneously. Draw a picture to help your explanation.
*What sorts of Organisms are found in the Kingdom Protista
* Describe the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Organisms. Use a diagram to illustrate your answer.
* Explain how the process of cytokinesis occurs in plant and animal cells. Use diagrams to illustrate your answer. (3 pts)
* When during the cell cycle do nuclear division, cytokinesis and DNA synthesis occur? Use a diagram to explain your answer. (3 pts)
*The character for stem height in peas is encoded by the tall (T) gene. You have been given a population of tall peas but you do not know whether they are homozygous or heterozygous for this gene. Describe an experiment that permits you to establish whether these plants are heterozygous or homozygous for this gene. (4 pts)
*The characters for pea seed shape and color are located on different chromosomes but the characters for leaf shape and leaf hairiness are on the same chromosome. Do these FOUR characters for seed and leaf character sort independently during pollen and egg formation? Illustrate your answer with a diagram of metaphase I of meiosis. (4 pts)
*Describe the experiment conducted by Wendell Stanley at Berkeley in the 1950s that showed that tobacco mosaic virus carried/contained genetic information. What was the chemical nature of the genetic material in TMV? What is the relationship between smoking in humans and the transmission of TMV? (2 pts)
* What are Chargaff's Rules and what were their implications for the structure of DNA? Explain how the Watson and Crick model for DNA satisfied Chargaff's Rules. (2 pts)
* What is meant by the terms transcription and translation in the context of the Central Dogma of molecular biology. (1 pt)
* Given the following sequence of bases in a portion of a mouse structural gene (the DNA), write the anticodons of the three tRNAs that would recognize this sequence and specify the amino acids that would be inserted into the protein product of the gene: (2 pts)
DNA sequence specifying the codes for 3 amino acids:...ACT/TGC/AAG
* Match the organelles listed below with their function (4 pts)
1 Endoplasmic reticulum a. Synthesizes Secretory Proteins
2 Golgi apparatus……….. b. Participates in Cell Death
3 Centriole……….. c. Carries out Eelectron Transport
4 Kinetochore…………… d. Attachment Point for Microtubules
5 Mitochondrion………… e. Organizes the Spindle Apparatus
6 Lysosome/Vacuole………… f. Makes Secretory Vesicles
7 Nucleolus………… g. Move Chromosomes
8 Microtubules………. h. Assembles Ribosomes
* Define the following terms: (2.5 pts)
a. Restriction Enzyme
b. Plasmid
c. PCR
d. Bacterial transformation
* Chemical Evolution has been proposed as a mechanism whereby complex organic compounds were thought to arise on earth more than 4 BYA. Describe an experiment that supports the validity of this hypothesis. (3 pts)
*. a. How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms distinguished at the cellular level? (2 pts.)
b. Diagram a typical prokaryotic cell and label the parts of the cell. (2 pts.)
* Multicellular organisms are thought to have appeared on earth about 600 MYA. Why is multicellularity thought to have evolved? You may wish to use mathematical expressions to illustrate your answer. (2 pts.)
* Plants and Fungi are multicellular organisms with cell walls. Why are they classified into two separate Kingdoms? (3 pts.)
* Explain how the process of cytokinesis occurs in plant and animal cells. Use diagrams to illustrate your answer.
* When during the cell cycle do karyokinesis, cytokinesis and DNA synthesis occur? Use a diagram to explain your answer.
*What are Chargaff's Rules and what were their implications for the structure of DNA? Explain how the Watson and Crick model for DNA satisfied Chargaff's Rules.
9. What is meant by the terms transcription and translation in the context of the Central Dogma of molecular biology.
*. a. The early atmosphere on earth about 4 billion years ago (BYA) was very different from the atmosphere 3 BYA. What were the differences in the chemistry of these atmospheres? Be sure to name at least one gas that was absent from the atmosphere 4 BYA and present 3 BYA (4 pt.)
b. Which group of organisms was responsible for this dramatic change in the atmosphere's composition? (1 pt.)
* Ideas about the origin of living things included the notion that organisms could arise by spontaneous generation. Describe an experiment done in 19th. century France by Louis Pasteur showing that microbes do not arise by spontaneous generation. (4 pts.)
*Chemical Evolution has been proposed as a mechanism whereby complex organic compounds were thought to arise on earth more than 4 BYA. Describe an experiment that supports the validity of this hypothesis. (5 pts)
* a. How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms distinguished at the cellular level? (4 pts.)
b. Diagram a typical prokaryotic cell and label the parts . (3 pts.)
* Multicellular organisms are thought to have appeared on earth about 600 MYA. Why is multicellularity thought to have evolved? (4 pts.)
*. How do bacterial cells divide? Use a diagram to explain your answer (4 pts.)
*. Plants and Fungi are multicellular organisms with cell walls. Why are they classified into two separate Kingdoms? (3 pts.)
*. Using diagrams compare cytokinesis in an animal cell with cytokinesis in a walled plant cell. (4 pts.)
*. Use a diagram to illustrate the structure of a chromosome in a cell that is in late prophase of mitosis. Please be sure to label and name all of the parts of this chromosome. (4 pts)
* Diagram the distribution of chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis in a cell that has three pairs of homologous chromosomes. (6 pts.)
* In a monohybrid cross between pea plants that are tall (T) and dwarf (t), the F1 generation are all tall with a genotype that is Tt. When F1 plants were crossed with each other the resulting progeny in the F2 generation were found in the ratio 3 tall to 1 dwarf. Describe a simple experiment that allows you to identify the genotype of the tall plants of the F2 generation. (6 pts.)*
* a. What were Chargaff's Rules? (2 pts.)
b. What is the impact of Chargaff's observation on our understanding of how DNA is faithfully replicated. (4 pts)
*a. Explain the Central Dogma of molecular biology? (3 pts.)
b. What is an anticodon and where is it found? (3 pts.)